|
Indonesian martial arts refers to the variety of fighting systems native to or developed in the Indonesian archipelago, both the age-old traditional arts, and the more recently developed hybrid combatives. In the Indonesian language the term ''bela diri'' (lit. self-defense) is used to mean martial art, and in essence the Indonesian fighting arts are meant as one's defence against perceived threat and assault. Other than physical training, they often include spiritual aspects to cultivate inner strength, inner peace and higher psychological ends.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Black Belt Magazine )〕 Today, Indonesian martial arts are synonymous with pencak silat. Indeed, the term was coined as an umbrella term to refer for a class of related martial arts originating in the Indonesian archipelago. Nevertheless, a number of fighting arts in Indonesia are not included within the category of silat. Western misconception links silat with "jungle tribes" but in actuality, pencak silat was neither created nor traditionally practised by Indonesia's tribal inhabitants, many of whom have unique martial arts of their own. Some of these fighting traditions has been developed into a complete fighting system (e.g. pencak silat and tarung derajat) with set of combative rules, styles and disciplines; while others are practised as ritual battle, mock combat to just as a war dance (e.g. cakalele and caci). ==History== The archipelagic realm that is today Indonesia was the scene of warfare among the native populace for much of its long history, and the people of the region naturally developed effective methods of combat and self-defense.〔 The earliest weapons found in Indonesia were spears, single-edge swords, shields, and axes. Indonesian tribes also familiar with natively-developed edged weapons, such as ''parang, klewang, mandau, badik, pedang, kujang, golok'' and ''kris''. The martial activity in Indonesia started as tribal warfare among Indonesian tribes. Mostly motivated by various factors; such as to gain lands, to take over natural resources, acquiring slaves from neighbouring village, tribal ways to settle disputes, to coming of age rituals of certain tribal custom, such as headhunting. Indonesian tribes such as Dayak, Nias and Batak are known to practice the headhunting rituals. Numbers of Indonesian ethnic groups has developed traditional war dances, which reenacted some stylized fighting movements. Examples include sword dance of Nias people, war dances of Batak, Dayak, Papuan and Torajan people, to Minahasan ''kabasaran'' dance and Balinese ''baris'' dance. The Indonesian natives began to develop and formulate various style of combat and self-defence systems. Archaeological findings revealed that the origins of Pencak Silat dates back to the sixth century, to the times of the Srivijaya empire on Sumatra and also the 13th century Majapahit empire in East Java. Artifacts showed that this unique combat system had been used consistently through Indonesia’s history.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Wonderful Indonesia )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Indonesian martial arts」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|